The invention provides a preparation method of a bimetallic copper-based catalyst with high stability and a core shell structure. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out a co-precipitation reaction to obtain a metal silicon composite oxide, then carrying out a co-precipitation reaction to obtain a bimetallic composite oxide with a core-shell structure, carrying out filtering and water washing, adding n-butyl alcohol, carrying out evaporating, and then carrying out drying and roasting to obtain the bimetallic copper-based catalyst with the core shell structure. The invention alsoprovides an application of the catalyst for a catalytic oxidation reaction or a hydrogenation reaction. According to the invention, the metal silicon composite oxide is used as a framework structuresubstrate, and a CuSiO composite oxide coats the periphery of the framework structure substrate to form the bimetallic composite oxide with the core-shell structure. Through strong interaction and isolation effects of internal metal atoms and external copper atoms, and through the embedding effect that Cu atoms is highly dispersed in the CuSiO composite oxide with a framework structure, spontaneous movement of the Cu atoms is hindered jointly, so that stability and service life of the copper catalyst are effectively improved, and the copper catalyst has relatively high catalytic activity and specific surface area.