The invention discloses a program-controlled electric switch cabinet dust removing system and a control method. The program-controlled electric switch cabinet dust removing system comprises a gas purging system, an electric dust removing and rapping system and a dust removing control system; the gas purging system comprises an air compressor unit, a gas storage cylinder, a gas manifold; an outletpipe of the air compressor unit and an outlet pipe of the gas storage cylinder communicate with the gas manifold through a control valve; a high-speed gas nozzle and a gas guiding air curtain are connected to the outlet end of the gas manifold; and the electric dust removing and rapping system comprises an electrode grid, a rapping assembly and a glass fiber dust filter grid. The program-controlled electric switch cabinet dust removing system can adapt to cleaning of various electric switch cabinets in thermal power plants; and the automatic integrated control system is adopted, on-site sampling, analysis and calculation and automatic output control are conducted, and equipment cleaning operation in a long-term continuous and interlocking working mode of the electric switch cabinets is achieved. The program-controlled electric switch cabinet dust removing system is simple in structure, mature in technology, low in failure rate, high in reliability, low in manufacturing cost, simple indaily operation and maintenance and low in cost.