The invention discloses a rock deformation failure mode prediction method. The rock deformation failure mode prediction method includes the following steps that S1, rock blasting under triaxial stressis abstracted into a dynamic and static loading process of an infinite elastic medium model with a spherical cavity; S2, a field of underground initial rock stress is measured to obtain three principal stress components of an in-situ stress field, and the principal stress components are sigma , sigma, and sigma; S3, density rho, a poisson ratio mu and elastic modulus E of blasting object rock are measured; and S4, yield stress of rock under different confining pressures is obtained according to triaxial test results of the rock; and the problems of high equipment cost, certain danger, inconvenient test and non-triaxial stress state, high software price, high use threshold, and cumbersome simulation steps in the prior art are solved.