The invention discloses a full-automatic rock specimen image acquisition device and method. The device comprises a central controller, a lighting system, a rock posture control system, a dust system and an image acquisition system, and the lighting system, the rock posture control system, the dust system and the image acquisition system are respectively connected with the central controller; the lighting system comprises a lighting chamber and light sources with adjustable illumination intensity, and the light sources with adjustable illumination intensity are uniformly arranged in the lighting chamber; the rock posture control system comprises a rotary stage, a rock holder and a rotary gripper, wherein the rotary stage is arranged in the lighting room and is used for bearing rocks, the rock holder is arranged on the stage, and the rotary gripper is arranged at the upper part of the stage and is used for realizing rock overturning; the dust system is connected with the lighting room, can diffuse dust into the lighting room through an air compressor, and controls the dust concentration in the lighting room through an electrostatic dust collector; and the invention has the advantagesthat: through the rotation angle control and the turnover control of the rock specimen, the multi-angle automatic acquisition of the rock specimen image can be realized, and a data basis is providedfor the deep learning technology of the rock image.