The invention provides an optimization method and system for a weighted finite state transducer, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium, and relates to the technical field of speechrecognition. The system comprises a data structure optimization module, a transducer construction module, a transducer cutting module and an optimal path searching module; the data structure optimization module is used for optimizing a Token data structure; the transducer construction module is used for transferring and chaining acoustic output and a language model based on an optimized Token data structure to obtain the weighted finite state transducer; the transducer cutting module is used for cutting the weighted finite state transducer; the best path searching module is used for searchinga search space corresponding to the weighted finite state transducer through the optimized Token data structure in the mode of traversing nodes to obtain the best path. The optimization method and system for the weighted finite state transducer, the computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium have the advantages that transduction of different structures is reduced, the memory andcalculation overhead is reduced, the frequency of accessing memory data is reduced, an optimal path search algorithm is optimized, and the purpose of improving the efficiency of the algorithm is achieved.