The invention discloses an LED fluorescence emission spectrum-based surface temperature measurement method, and relates to the field of light emitting diode surface temperature measurement methods. The method comprises the following steps of (1) carrying out region division on a normalized emission spectrum of a fluorescent material and integrating each region, wherein the obtained fluorescent material transmitting power is recorded as Pe; (2) testing the current influence degree of the transmitting power Pe of each integral region, and selecting the integral region with the minimum current influence degree as a detection region; (3) taking 1-3% of a rated current value as small current to supply power to an LED sample, acquiring the emission spectrum of the fluorescent material by using aspectrograph, and establishing a linear relationship between the transmitting power Pe of the detection region and the temperature T of the emission spectrum; and (4) under the practical working state of the LED sample, substituting the transmitting power Pe value of the detection region into a relational expression of Pe and T so as to obtain the surface temperature of the fluorescent material.According to the method, a non-contact method is adopted to measure the surface temperatures of fluorescent materials, so that the influences of LED device packaging are avoided and the reliability ishigh.