The invention belongs to the technical field of synthesis of aviation fuel and particularly relates to aviation fuel oil synthesized through aldol condensation of methyl isobutyl ketone and a synthesis method of the aviation fuel oil. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing a metal salt catalyst into methyl isobutyl ketone, heating to react in a reaction kettle, cooling tothe room temperature after finishing the reaction, taking out a reaction liquid, standing and layering, wherein a supernatant liquid is a product obtained after the reaction of aldol condensation ofthe methyl isobutyl ketone, putting the product in the reaction kettle, introducing hydrogen, adding a metal catalyst into a reaction system, implementing the hydrogenation reaction under the catalysis of the metal catalyst, and obtaining the aviation fuel oil, wherein the solidifying point of the aviation fuel oil is within the range of minus 40 DEG C to minus 58 DEG C, and the yield is 80-95%. The aviation fuel obtained through the method is low in solidifying point, the production condition is mild, the side reaction of the production process is low, the purity of the obtained product is higher, and the aviation fuel oil has an excellent application prospect.