The invention discloses a large field of view grating prism spectral imaging system. The system comprises a slit, a spherical reflection mirror, a plane reflection mirror, a grating prism module, a focusing mirror group, a secondary optical filter and a detector. A light beam passing through the slit is emitted to the spherical reflection mirror and then is reflected. The reflected light beam is emitted to the plane reflection mirror. The light beam is reflected by the plane reflection mirror and is emitted to the grating prism module. The light beam is diffracted at the grating prism module.First-order diffracted light with different wavelengths is emitted to the focusing mirror group, and passes through the secondary optical filter and then arrives at the detector so as to complete an imaging process. A front surface of the grating prism module is taken as an aperture diaphragm of an entire system, and the aperture diaphragm is located at the center C of the spherical reflection mirror and is superposed with an incident surface of the grating prism module. The integral size of the system is compact, weight is light, the structure is simple, and an image plane is not inclined, which is good for system adjustment.