The invention relates to a method for preparing novel larval and juvenile fish specimens. The method includes preserving and immobilizing larval and juvenile fish, dehydrating the larval and juvenilefish, putting the dehydrated larval and juvenile fish into a saturated sodium borate solution for neutralization, soaking the larval and juvenile fish in a bleaching solution, cleaning the larval andjuvenile fish in trypsin digestive liquid, then adding a staining solution to stain the larval and juvenile fish until the bone tissue is purple-red, washing the fish with clear water to remove the staining solution on the surface, cleaning the fish in trypsin digestive liquid, replacing the trypsin digestive liquid one time a day until the trypsin digestive liquid is clear, and soaking the fish in gradient transparent liquid to prepare the novel larval and juvenile fish specimens. The staining solution is adopted for bone staining of the staining solution in an early stage so as to recognizesarcomeres of fish in the early stage, thus achieving rapid identification for larval fish.