The invention discloses a detonator quantity statistical detection method. The detonator quantity statistical detection method comprises the following steps of step 1, acquiring an image; 2, binarizing the detonator image, and screening out a communication area of each detonator; step 3, filling the screened communication areas to generate a new image; 4, binarizing the new image, and screening out the number of detonators in a regular and irregular detonator area by using an area threshold value, a roundness threshold value and a compactness threshold value; and 5, counting the number of detonators, and comparing the number with a set value 100. According to the detonator quantity statistical detection method, the detection result is accurate and fast, and the efficiency is high.