The invention discloses a preparation method of a catalyst for catalyzing carbon particle combustion and a catalyst. The method employs potassium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate and zirconiumnitrate as the raw materials, utilizes a citric acid solution to enable the raw materials to form a citric acid complex, and sol-gel method is adopted for preparation of the catalyst for catalyzing carbon particle combustion. The specific steps include: 1. mixing potassium nitrate, cobalt nitrate, cerium nitrate, zirconium nitrate, citric acid and distilled water into a mixed solution; 2. conducting constant temperature stirring on the mixed solution to gel-like; 3. drying the product obtained in step 2 and then performing grinding into powder, i.e. precursor powder; and 4. heating the precursor powder to 600DEG C at a heating rate of 2DEG C/min, and then performing heat preservation for 6h, thus obtaining the catalyst. The catalyst prepared by the method provided by the invention can greatly lower the ignition temperature and the maximum combustion temperature of carbon particles, and at the same time significantly reduces the temperature difference between the ignition temperature and the maximum combustion temperature.