The invention discloses a cooling water circulation automatic control system for a high temperature furnace. The system comprises a PLC controller, a cooling water inner circulation module, a coolingwater outer circulation module and a water tank liquid level module, wherein the cooling water inner circulation module comprises a 1# water pump, a 2# water pump and a water tank, the 1# water pump and 2# water pump are both connected to the PLC controller, the PLC controller controls the switching between the 1# water pump and the 2# water pump and further controls the switching between the cooling water outer circulation module and the cooling water inner circulation module; the water tank liquid level module comprises a liquid level sensor, a water inlet opening valve and a water outlet opening valve, the liquid level sensor is arranged in the water tank and connected to the PLC controller, and the water inlet opening valve and the water outlet opening valve are both connected to the output end of the PLC controller. The cooling water circulation automatic control system for a high temperature furnace provided by the invention can realize the switching of three cooling water circulating waterways with fast switching speed. After the faulty waterway repair is completed, a feedback signal is transmitted to the PLC controller, so that the liquid level in the water tank can be monitored in real time to control the water inflow and outflow of the water tank.