The invention provides a high-voltage DC current limiter based on coupled reactors, comprising a current limiting module, an energy absorbing module and a DC circuit breaker module. The current limiting module is composed of coupled reactors, a smoothing reactor, a pre-charged capacitor and a thyristor. The coupled reactors are reversely coupled and have high coupling coefficient. Under normal operation, the currents on the two sides are the same, the coupled reactors have small magnetic flux and small equivalent inductance, and the influence on the system is small. When a fault occurs, the thyristor is triggered to be turned on, the pre-charged capacitor and the coupled reactor L2 oscillate to produce a reverse current to make the currents on the two sides of the coupled reactors unequal,and the coupled reactors have large equivalent inductance which limits the current together with the smoothing reactor. The energy absorbing module can restrain the transfer of the energy of the coupled reactors and the smoothing reactor to an arrester. The DC circuit breaker module includes a circuit breaker and an arrester, the circuit breaker breaks the fault current, and the arrester absorbsthe energy stored by inductance. Fault current limitation and arrester energy absorption limitation are realized.