The invention discloses a polar region sea ice section spectral radiation measurement system based on spectrometer moving on a sliding rail. The system comprises two parts: the section measurement subsystem comprises a section measurement driving board, a spectrometer driving board, a spectrometer, a stepping motor driver, a stepping motor, a mechanical transmission mechanism, a tilt angle sensor,and a probe adjusting mechanism; the master control subsystem comprises a host debugging port, a master control board, a GPS positioning module, an iridium satellite communication module, and a powersupply; the spectrometer driving board is connected with the spectrometer and the tilt angle sensor; the section measurement driving board controls the stepping motor through the stepping motor driver, and then controls the mechanical transmission mechanism, and performs wireless communication with the spectrometer driving board; the section measurement driving board, the host debugging port, theGPS positioning module and the iridium satellite communication module are connected with the master control board, and the power supply is used for supplying power for the system. The invention provides a device capable of in-situ and continuously measuring the sea ice section spectral radiation for a long time at the polar region, and a new scheme is provided for researching the sea ice dynamicchange.