The invention relates to the technical field of thermal batteries, and discloses a thermal battery housing and a thermal battery. The thermal battery housing comprises a housing body, a housing bottomgroove, a housing upper cover plate, heat insulation layers arranged on the inner surface of the housing body and the surface of the housing bottom groove, a heat insulation pad arranged on the heatinsulation layer on the surface of the housing bottom groove, a fastening boss arranged on a part of the heat insulation layer on the inner surface of the housing body, and a heat buffer groove formedin the fastening boss. The thermal battery body is fastened through the fastening boss, and a gap is formed between the part of the thermal battery body and the heat insulation layer, which is not provided with the fastening boss, of the inner surface of the housing body. Therefore, the heat conduction of a housing structural member in the working state of the thermal battery can be greatly reduced, and the heating rate of the housing structural member is reduced.