The invention discloses a backpack type cotton picker with a storage function. The backpack type cotton picker comprises a backpack rack, a storage box, an air suction assembly and a material conveying pipe, wherein a cotton picking head is connected to the outer end of the material conveying pipe, the cotton picking head is used for directly picking cotton, and under the adsorption effect of theair suction assembly, the picked cotton can be conveyed into the storage box through the material conveying pipe. The backpack type cotton picker with the storage function is relatively small in sizeand convenient to take and carry on the back, the running speed of a cotton picking assembly can be controlled by regulating a motor, and the cotton picking efficiency is high.