The invention relates to a preparation method of a two-dimensional carbide crystal-based polyimide organic positive electrode material. A two-dimensional carbide crystal (MXene) with a structure is adopted as a substrate material, and polyimide (PI) is in-situ polymerized on the MXene substrate by a solvothermal method, and then carbonizing is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain the two-dimensional carbide crystal-based polyimide organic positive electrode material. The PI obtained by the method is uniformly loaded on the MXene substrate, and the method has the advantages of simpleprocess, mild conditions, low cost and the like. The prepared carbide-based polyimide organic positive electrode material with a two-dimensional structure has excellent electrochemical performance when being used as a positive electrode of a lithium ion battery, has excellent rate performance that the capacity can reach 150 mAh*g<-1> under a charge-discharge current of 50 mA*g<-1> and the capacityis 30 mAh*g<-1> under 500 A*g<-1>, and has a super long circulation life that the capacity retention rate exceeds 70% after 1000 times of circulation at 0.5 A*g<-1>. The method provides good experimental data and theoretical support for research and application of MXene and organic materials in the electrochemical field.