The invention provides a heating and temperature control device of a discharge post-treatment system of a hybrid power vehicle. The heating and temperature control device comprises one temperature sensor, the discharge post-treatment system, another temperature sensor, an electromagnetic valve, an exhaust pipe, a monitoring and control module, a heating circulation pipeline, an electric heater, ahigh-temperature-resistant circulating air pump, a pressure relief pipeline, a pressure release valve, an engine, a power battery, a whole vehicle controller and a pressure sensor. According to the device, the discharge post-treatment system can be heated to a working temperature before the engine is started, high-efficiency conversion of harmful emissions of the engine is guaranteed, and the environment is protected. Due to the arrangement of the heating circulation pipeline in the temperature control device, the heating efficiency of loop gas can be greatly improved. Meanwhile, a thermodynamic model of the discharge post-treatment system and a PID control strategy in the monitoring and control module are adopted, and the heating power of the temperature control device can be adjusted according to the change of the actual temperature of the discharge post-treatment system. The temperature control device is provided with the pressure relief pipeline, so that the possibility of dangersis reduced.