The invention provides a three-dimensional CT interlayer image interpolation restoration and super-resolution processing method and device. Interlayer interpolation is carried out on a CT image basedon optical flow estimation registration information, and a plurality of pixels in an original image may be mapped to the same position in the interpolation image due to different motion fields of optical flow estimation, so that an area to which the pixels of the original image are not mapped exists in the interpolation image, and fine holes are formed in the interpolation image. Therefore, the inter-layer slice generated by interpolation is further repaired, and the quality of the interpolated image is improved. On the basis of performing interlayer interpolation based on optical flow estimation, the three-dimensional CT interlayer image interpolation restoration and super-resolution processing method performs image restoration on the middle slice generated by interpolation by utilizing the non-local self-similarity of the image, so that the number of CT slices can be increased, and the interlayer resolution of the CT image is improved, and the quality of the MFSR reconstructed CT image is improved, and a patient is helped to obtain accurate diagnosis and treatment under the condition that unnecessary radiation dose is not received.