The invention relates to a UWB positioning system and method based on hybrid filtering, and belongs to the technical field of short-distance positioning. Signal processing and operation are carried out through a far-end data processing center. A user controls the movement of a small intelligent device and transmits UWB signals. The signals are received through receiving array antennas at differentpositions installed on a positioning base station at a fixed position. Then the received signals are mixed and filtered, coordinates of a signal source are calculated according to the time differenceof arrival of the signals, and finally the accurate position of the small intelligent device is output by carrying out N times of time averaging on a measurement result. In the system, the small intelligent device only serves as a signal source, and the operation task is completed by the far-end data processing center, so that the load of the small intelligent device can be reduced, a large amount of data can be comprehensively processed through the far-end data processing center with unlimited volume and power, the error can be reduced, and higher measurement precision can be obtained.