The invention discloses a wind power generation device stabilizer based on an adaptive filter and a control method. The control method includes the following steps: dividing a control module of a wind power generator into different time scale control modules according to the time response speed of disturbance; passing a three-phase voltage signal of the port of the wind power generator through a multi-band adaptive filter, and outputting the frequencies and frequency differentials of band oscillation signals corresponding to the different time scale control modules; converting the frequencies and frequency differentials of the different band oscillation signals into control signals corresponding to the time scale control modules; and injecting the control signals into the corresponding time scale control modules to suppress band oscillation. The wind power generation device stabilizer and the control method not only can suppress the possible broadband oscillation and different single-scale oscillations in the wind power generation system, but also can provide inertia for the system in the dynamic process of the system frequency.