The invention discloses composite screw 3D printing equipment and a printing method. The equipment comprises a plasticizing melting part, a storage part and an extruding part, the plasticizing meltingpart comprises a base, a plasticizing machine barrel horizontally arranged on the base and a plasticizing screw located in the plasticizing machine barrel, a hopper is arranged at the feeding end ofthe plasticizing machine barrel, and the discharging end of the plasticizing machine barrel is connected with the storage part and the extruding part through a connecting barrel. The storage part comprises a storage barrel vertically connected above the connecting barrel, a piston cover is horizontally arranged in the storage barrel, and a spring is connected between the piston cover and a top cover of the storage barrel. The extruding part comprises an extruder barrel vertically connected to the tail end of the connecting barrel, an extruding screw is arranged in the extruder barrel, and a nozzle is arranged at the tail end of the extruder barrel. The equipment and the method can precisely control the discharging speed, and are high in printing speed and easy to control.