The invention discloses a multi-platform trolley type inclined shaft expanding excavation method. The method is characterized in that a construction platform is arranged on the top of an inclined shaft for forming a buffer area intersecting with an adit or ground, and a hoister is arranged at the adit or ground area; a mucking shaft is arranged along the lower middle part of the inclined shaft section of the tunneling end of the inclined shaft firstly; light rails are laid along the base surface of the inclined shaft, and an expanding excavation trolley is arranged through the light rails andthe hoister; the expanding excavation trolley is provided with three layers of working tables arranged horizontally, and the working tables include expanding excavation, drilling and blasting construction platforms and supporting platforms; and a drilling angle is controlled within the range perpendicular to the axis of the inclined shaft through a horizontal working table of the expanding excavation trolley. According to the method, all construction personnel of inclined shaft blasting and drilling carry out construction on the expanding excavation trolley platform, and the method benefits the construction personnel to control the drilling angle within the range perpendicular to the axis of the inclined shaft, so that above 2/3 slag of expanding excavation and blasting of the inclined shaft enters the mucking shaft directly; the manual slag skimming amount is reduced greatly, and the working efficiency is improved; and entry and exit are smooth, and the safety guarantee is provided.