The invention provides a cable well environment monitoring method based on the Internet of Things, comprising the following steps: based on the position information of a cable well, paving a temperature sensing cable in the cable well, and paving a temperature measuring optical fiber along the temperature sensing cable; monitoring temperature data information of the temperature sensing cable in real time; monitoring temperature and humidity data information of the cable well; obtaining an abnormal temperature point and an abnormal temperature and humidity point of the cable well; obtaining mapposition information of the abnormal points of the cable well, and transmitting the cable well map information of the abnormal points to a mobile communication terminal of a monitoring contact through a communication module; and triggering a physical alarm of cable well abnormality. The invention further provides a cable well environment monitoring system and device based on the Internet of Things. According to the cable well environment monitoring method, system and device based on the Internet of Things provided by the invention, the system platform issues alarm information in the form of aphysical alarm mode, and a user is notified by an APP or a short message, thereby effectively realizing double insurance and guaranteeing the safe production of a power company.