The invention provides a receiving construction method of a near-river-section water-rich silt layer shield machine. According to the method, before the shield machine tunnels to a shield end, the shield machine is subjected to shield reinforcing construction and precipitation construction at the shield end through three-shaft stirring piles and a high-pressure jet grouting pile; when a cutter head of the shield machine tunnels to a tunnel portal, the secondary grouting construction on a shield tail of the shield machine is performed for the first time; the secondary grouting construction on the shield tail of the shield machine is performed for the second time under the condition that the shield machine tunnels to a last ring of the tunnel; and after the shield machine is separated from alast ring pipe piece, a steel plate is used for plugging the gap between the last ring pipe piece and a portal steel ring, and grouting construction is carried out in the gap to complete the shield receiving. The method can effectively ensure the safety of shield receiving in the near-river-section water-rich silt layer, avoid ground settlement and collapse caused by water and soil loss after thetunnel portal is broken, and reduce the construction risk of water-rich stratum shield receiving.