The invention discloses a layered soil mass stress and settlement measuring device, comprising: a soil pressure box, a fixed reinforcing steel bar hole, a hollow sleeve component, an embedded macheteand a displacement meter, wherein a conducting wire groove is provided with a wire inlet hole at a side wall of a hollow sleeve and is provided with a wire outlet hole at the top; the hollow sleeve component is fixed in the fixed reinforcing steel bar hole; the embedded machete is connected with the hollow sleeve, and the soil pressure box is arranged on the embedded machete; and the number of thedisplacement meters is matched with the number of the hollow sleeves, and a measurement contact point is connected to a sealing cover or a rotating handle. The invention further provides a test method, in which a hollow tube is expanded and retracted according to an experimental scheme, so that the embedded machete is flushed with a measurement point position, and the rotating handle drives the machete to insert into a soil layer. The layered soil mass stress and settlement measuring device disclosed by the invention has the beneficial effects that the measurement is more convenient, accurateand efficient, and via the measurement of multiple points in the vertical direction, stress and settlement values of a soil mass in a longitudinal depth are recorded, and reference is provided for studying the variation law of stress and settlement in the vertical direction.