The invention discloses a well bore structure acquisition method and belongs to the field of oil development. The method comprises the following steps that pipe guiding is carried out, and particularly a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 812.8mm is arranged in the stratum to a first preset depth; first-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 711.2mm is used for passing through the sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 812.8mm to a second preset depth, a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 609.6mm is arranged in, well cementation is carried out, and awell head device is installed; second-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 558.8mm is used for drilling to a third preset depth, and a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 473.1mm is arranged in, and well cementation is carried out; third-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 425.45mm is used for drilling to a fourth preset depth, and a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 339.7mm is arranged in, and well cementation is carried out; fourth-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 269.9mm and a hole opener with the diameter phi of 374.65mm are used for drilling to a fifth preset depth, a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 298.45mm is suspended, and well cementation is carried out; and fifth-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 241.3mm and a hole opener with the diameter phi of 311.2mm are used for drilling to a sixth preset depth, a sleeve pipe with the diameter phi of 244.5mm is suspended, well cementation is carried out, and back connection to a well head is carried out; and sixth-time opening is carried out, particularly, a drill bit with the diameter phi of 215.9mm is used for drilling to a target layer, a tail pipe with the diameter phi of 177.8mm is suspended, and well cementation is carried out. Accordingto a well bore structure obtained by the method, an obtained well hole is stable, the drilling process is stable and controllable, the drilling risk controlling ability is improved, and construction safety is ensured.