The invention discloses a five-step phase sequence black-and-white digital grating encoding method. The five-step phase sequence black-and-white digital grating encoding method comprises the steps ofprojecting five black-and-white digital gratings, performing projector and camera calibration, acquiring physical object images, acquiring phase information and reconstructing a three-dimensional shape. Compared with the traditional black-and-white digital grating projection, the method provided by the invention only needs to project five black-and-white digital gratings, each of which contains five different functional expressions, and the five gratings are arranged in a certain order by means of the different functional expressions of each period of each grating. The specific arrangement ofeach period of the five gratings can directly correspond to a periodic order in the phase information. The five-step phase sequence black-and-white digital grating encoding method can project fewer gratings on the premise of ensuring the precision and advantages of digital grating three-dimensional measurement. Since only five black-and-white digital gratings need to be projected, the five-step phase sequence black-and-white digital grating encoding method effectively increases the three-dimensional measurement speed of the digital gratings, can obtain the phase information quickly and efficiently, and can be applied to the field of rapid three-dimensional measurement.