The invention discloses an array reflection type microscopic image acquisition system, which comprises a microscopic camera module array and a receiving end; the microscopic camera module array is located right above a sample table; the microscopic camera module array comprises a plurality of microscopic camera modules which are distributed in an array. Each microscopic camera module comprises a first lens group, a reflective illumination structure, an excitation light source, a second lens group and an image sensor; the first lens group and the second lens group are symmetrically arranged, the image sensor is electrically connected with the receiving end, the excitation light source is located on one side of the reflective illumination structure, and a light source emitted by the excitation light source irradiates the reflective illumination structure. According to the invention, a plurality of areas of a sample can be simultaneously collected, the detection speed is improved, and thesystem is suitable for detecting opaque large-area samples such as silicon wafers, semiconductor microscopes, biological chips, thick biological samples and the like.