The invention provides a method for monitoring the strength of a climbing formwork device attached to a concrete structure in real time. Modified maturity of the concrete is obtained by monitoring thetemperature of a concrete test block, the environment maintenance temperature and the environment maintenance humidity and the like and by measuring and determining the volume ratio; the compressivestrength of the concrete test block is determined by an experiment, and according to the modified maturity corresponding to the compressive strength, several groups of associated data are establishedbetween the concrete strength and the modified maturity to further fit a relation function of the concrete strength and the modified maturity; subsequently, data including the temperature of the concrete of a super high layer core tube, the concrete temperature, the humidity and so on are monitored, the strength of the super high layer core tube is calculated, and whether the strength satisfies the climbing strength of the climbing formwork device or not is judged so as to provide a reliable basis for climbing of the climbing formwork device of the super high layer core tube. The method considers factors including the environment maintenance temperature, the maintenance humidity and the size effect and so on, thus the method is highly reliable and is able to realize real-time monitoring and evaluation for concrete strength.