The invention discloses a reverse accident deduction method, device and system. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring a wave recording file after a field device breaks down; carrying out recording and playback and event reproduction by utilizing a simulation unit on the basis of the wave recording file and a preset control and protection logic, generating an action and an alarm event, wherein the preset control and protection logic is the same as the control and protection logic of the field device; and performing fault location analysis on the basis of the generated action andthe alarm event, so as to realize reverse accident deduction. The data source which is the same as the field engineering is input into the simulation unit, and the control and protection logic of thesimulation unit is the same as the control and protection logic of the field device, so that the operation working condition which can be reworked out and is consistent with the field can be realized; and the consistency between the time nodes of the protection output event information (namely, action and alarm events) and that of the field events can be realized according to the sampling time mark which is analyzed in the wave recording file, and simulation verification is provided for subsequent fault analysis, protection strategy adjustment and optimization.