The invention discloses a wireless charging system for a transformer substation inspection robot and a charging method thereof, and relates to the field of wireless charging. The existing wireless charging system does not consider the transmission power, weather, equipment information, equipment fault and defect information of the transformer substation, and ignores that the inspection requirements are different under different operating conditions of the transformer substation. The system comprises a big data analysis module, the cloud, a data terminal and a wireless charging device, whereinthe big data analysis module acquires whether the transformer substation is in special operating condition or a common operating condition according to the historical data and the current data, the result is transmits to the cloud, and the data terminal acquires the data from the cloud and transmits the data to the inspection robot; the inspection robot starts to charge when the electric quantityis less than 30% and selects a charging mode according to the operating condition; a quick charging mode is selected under the special operating condition, and the charging is stopped when the charging reaches 60%; and a slow charging mode is selected under the common operating condition, and the charging is stopped when the charging reaches 90%. The wireless charging system can effectively adaptto the inspection requirements of different operating conditions of the transformer substation, ensures the inspection time under the special operating condition and has little damage to the battery.