The invention relates to a road surface traffic event collecting and reporting device, comprising a box body, wherein a measurement processing board and a communication management board are arranged in the box body; the measurement processing board comprises a main control chip and a road surface traffic event input key group capable of inputting a road surface traffic event into the main controlchip, the main control chip is electrically connected with the communication management board, and after a required traffic event is input into the main control chip through the road surface traffic event input key group, the main control chip can report traffic event information obtained by processing through the communication management board. The road surface traffic event collecting and reporting device provided by the invention realizes the collection and report of traffic operation state and traffic event information quickly in real time, so as to help drivers and passengers to adjust the driving routes, avoid blocking points and shorten the travelling time, and to help the traffic management department to quickly locate the event and effectively dispose the same to eliminate the negative impact of the event on the traffic operation, thereby improving the safe unimpeded index and the operation efficiency of road operation.