The invention provides a self-elevating drilling platform safety management system which comprises a plurality of subunits and a control unit, wherein each subunit comprises a platform lifting unit, afire detection unit, an emergency cut-off unit, a damper control unit, an engine room monitoring unit, a power management unit, a drilling control unit and a drilling frequency conversion unit, and the subunits are interconnected through redundant Ethernet; and the control unit is in communication connection with the plurality of the subunits through an OPCSERVER communication platform, the control unit receives the real-time operating parameters of the subunits, and alarm control calculation is carried out according to the real-time operation parameters, and when the calculated alarm controlresult triggers an alarm condition, the operation state of each sub-unit is controlled, and an alarm is issued. The self-elevating drilling platform safety management system can realize automatic monitoring, read the real-time operation parameters of each subunit in real time, and accurately judge whether each subunit has safety risks or not according to the real-time operation parameters, and when the safety risks exist, an alarm is given in real time, thereby improving the safety performance of the self-elevating drilling platform.