The invention discloses a multi-arm multi-drill drilling-loading-anchoring all-in-one machine with a telescopic structure. The all-in-one machine comprises a frame, a conveying channel, an excavatingwork arm, crawler walking mechanisms, an electrical system and a hydraulic system, wherein front roof bolters and rear roof bolters are arranged at the front part(s) and rear part(s) of one side or two sides of the excavating work arm respectively; drill arm mechanisms are arranged on the outer sides of the front roof bolters; the conveying channel is located in the middle of the rear end of the frame; telescopic platforms are arranged on the frame and on two sides of the conveying channel respectively; extension platforms are connected with a translation oil cylinder and a support arm translation oil cylinder via drill arm connection bases; the translation oil cylinder and the support arm translation oil cylinder are connected with a telescopic arm, and connected with a swing oil cylindervia a swing oil cylinder base; the swing oil cylinder is connected with sliding frame propelling beams; telescopic platforms comprise fixed platforms and extension platforms which are connected withthe fixed platforms and are telescopic. According to the all-in-one machine, the operation range is wide, full-face excavating, loading and drilling of shot holes and anchor rod and anchor cable holescan be achieved, front and rear drill arms can operate synchronously, and the novel drilling-loading-anchoring all-in-one machine achieves rapid excavation of a stone drift.