The invention relates to an anti-falling bolt and nut for an electric power iron tower and a working method thereof. The anti-falling bolt and nut comprises a bolt and a nut, wherein a penetrating groove enabling the bolt to form a U-shaped structure is formed in a screw rod of the bolt, a plurality of screw holes are formed in the positions, on one side of the penetrating groove, of the bolt in apenetrating mode, limiting screws are arranged in the screw holes in a threaded mode, one end of the nut is sequentially and fixedly provided with a pressing ring comprising a first penetrating hoe and a first ratchet wheel, and a sliding rod comprising a second penetrating hole and a boss, a sliding sleeve sleeves the sliding rod comprising a third penetrating hole and a first inserting hole, asecond inserting hole and inner threads are arranged at the inner end and the outer end of the first inserting hole respectively, a buckling part is arranged in the first inserting hole, and the buckling part comprises a jacking head, a push spring and a fixing screw. According to the anti-falling bolt and nut for the electric iron tower and the working method thereof, the situation that the boltand nut falls off due to looseness is prevented, the anti-falling bolt and nut only comprises two components of the bolt and the nut, so that the anti-falling bolt and nut is convenient to carry, take, mount and dismount.