The invention relates to a test device for simulating friction wear of the inner wall of a pipe under multiple working conditions. The test device comprises a test base, a rotary frame and a to-be-tested pipe barrel, wherein the to-be-tested pipe barrel is internally provided with a stirrer for rotating and stirring a solution to simulate sand grain wear of the inner wall of the pipe barrel, a hollow force application lever is arranged in the to-be-tested pipe barrel, the bottom of the force application lever is provided with a bearing steel ball which is in fitting contact with the inner wallof the to-be-tested pipe barrel, a voltage sensor which monitors resistive voltage subdivision of a membrane layer of the inner wall of the to-be-tested pipe barrel and represents the wear situationof the membrane layer of the inner wall of the to-be-tested pipe barrel in real time through a voltage signal is connected between the force application lever and the outer wall of the to-be-tested pipe barrel, and gas which can enter the portion nearby a friction interface to simulate a bubble disturbance effect in the friction wear process is introduced into an inner hole of the force application lever. According to the test device, pipe inner wall friction wear tests under conventional conditions can be achieved, friction wear conditions under liquid or sand grain or gas disturbance conditions can be achieved; moreover, voltage is added between the membrane layer and a pipe barrel base, and the wear situation of the membrane layer is monitored in real time according to impedance change.