The invention relates to the technical field of neural ultrasonic image recognition, and discloses an axilla brachial plexus recognition method and system based on deep learning, and the method comprises the steps: preprocessing an original medical image of an axilla brachial plexus, and forming a training image needed for training a Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network model; constructing a convolutional neural network, constructing the convolutional neural network by using a Con-Re-LU algorithm, loading a training set into a Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network model, determining model parameters of the Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network, and performing feature learning to obtain a trained Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network model and storing the trained Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network model; deploying a trained Con-Re-LU convolutional neural network model. The recognition accuracy can be improved, the recognition speed of subsequent similar images can be increased,and recognition is more accurate and efficient.