The invention discloses a neural network model training method and device and an image recognition method and device. The neural network model training method comprises: acquiring a neural network model, wherein the neural network model is a neural network model obtained by training, and the neural network model at least comprises a first branch network; adding a second branch network into the neural network model; inputting the to-be-trained data set into a second branch network so as to independently train the second branch network; and fusing the first branch network and the second branch network to complete training of the neural network model. Through the above mode, the training efficiency of the neural network model can be improved, and the recognition effect of the original neuralnetwork model is not affected.