The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a three-dimensional network structure nanolayer zinc negative electrode. The method comprises the following steps of: (1) preparing a Zn(NO3)2 solution of a predetermined concentration, and recording the Zn(NO3)2 solution as a solution A; (2) preparing a strong alkali solution of a set concentration, recording the strong alkali solution as a solution B; (3) adding the solution A to the solution B to obtain a colloidal compound precipitate containing hydroxylated Zn, removing large-scale precipitates by centrifugation to obtain a nano zinc precipitate liquid; (4) immersing zinc foil in the nano zinc precipitation liquid, and then taking out, washing and drying the zinc foil. The method uses a simple chemical deposition method to prepare a metal zinc negative electrode having a nanometer-scale three-dimensional network structure in situ on the surface of the zinc negative electrode by using deposition and etching interaction, thereby retaining the high volume energy density of the whole zinc foil, and ensuring the high-stability three-dimensional network interface reaction layer. Thus, the electric field uniform distribution of traditional three-dimensional foam zinc is realized, so that large dendrites cannot be formed during discharge, and the safe operation and service life of a battery are ensured.