The invention discloses a one-hole dual-machine TBM tunneling construction hole rail transport rail system. The system comprises a first rail, two second rails, two third rails, and two fourth rails.The first rail is disposed in an intersection segment of a main branch hole. The two second rails are respectively disposed in an upstream assembly hole segment and a downstream assembly hole segment,and are respectively extended into an upstream stepping hole segment and a downstream stepping hole segment through the upstream assembly hole segment and the downstream assembly hole segment, and are communicated with the first rail. The two third rails are correspondingly parallel to the second rails, and are communicated with the first rail. The two fourth rails are respectively disposed in anupstream starting hole segment and a downstream starting hole segment, and are correspondingly communicated with the second rails and the third rails. By arranging a plurality of rails, in the one-hole dual-machine mode, during reverse tunneling of two TBM, materials and people can be transported independently, and at the same time, the flexible deployment can be realized, and then the tunnelingof the two TBM in the one-hole dual-machine mode can be realized, and construction resources can be integrated and optimized, and construction efficiency can be improved.