The invention discloses a controlled source integrated nuclear logging instrument and a logging method. The controlled source integrated nuclear logging instrument comprises a neutron generator, a near-thermal neutron detector, an ultra-thermal neutron detector, a near-gamma detector, a far-gamma detector and a far-thermal neutron detector which are sequentially arranged from one end to the otherend, wherein the near-thermal neutron detector and the ultra-thermal neutron detector are arranged side by side, and the far-gamma detector and the far-thermal neutron detector are arranged side by side; and the distance between the near-thermal neutron detector and the neutron generator as well as the distance between the ultra-thermal neutron detector and the neutron generator is 30+/-3 cm, thedistance between the near-gamma detector and the neutron generator is 45+/-3 cm, and the distance between the far-gamma detector and the neutron generator as well as the distance between the far-thermal neutron detector and the neutron generator are 75+/-3 cm. The yield of all elements in a formation, the formation porosity and the formation density value can be calculated simultaneously, multipledownhole measurement is avoided, and the measurement efficiency is greatly improved.