The invention discloses a sliding blade plate water turbine. The sliding blade plate water turbine comprises a pump shell; the pump shell comprises an upper end cover, a lower end cover, a first transition connecting plate, a second transition connecting plate, a front side plate and a rear side plate; at least part of the upper end cover and at least part of the lower end cover are arc-shaped; the radius of the arc-shaped part of the upper end cover is smaller; the two ends of the arc-shaped part of the upper end cover are connected with two ends of the arc-shaped part of the lower end coverthrough the two transition connecting plates; a water outlet and a water inlet are respectively formed in the two transition connecting plates; a rotor is arranged in an inner space formed by the upper end cover, the lower end cover, the first transition connecting plate, the second transition connecting plate, the front side plate and the rear side plate; a rotary shaft is arranged in the rotor;the rotary shaft forms an eccentric structure in the pump shell; the rotary shaft is close to the upper end cover; the rotary shaft is connected with the front side plate and the rear side plate through a bearing; a plurality of blade plate grooves are arranged in the rotor; a slide way is arranged in each blade plate groove; blade plates can slide along the blade plate grooves through the slide ways; and when water flows through, the end parts of the blade plates can slide by being attached to the inner wall of the pump shell. The sliding blade plate water turbine has the advantages of beinghigh in efficiency and low in manufacturing cost.