The embodiment of the invention provides a gas-solid two-phase high-temperature erosion test device comprising a gas conveying unit, a feeding unit, an erosion tube, an erosion chamber, a sample fixing unit, a laser velocimeter, a high-speed camera and a computer; the gas conveying unit comprise a gas conveying primary road, a gas heating chamber, a first gas conveying branch and a second gas conveying branch; the feeding unit comprises a shell, a hopper and a material conveying tube, and the shell is integrally sealed; the sample fixing unit comprises a placing station, a pressure measuring instrument and a supporting rod; and the angle of the placing station and the height of the supporting rod are adjustable. According to the device, the computer can be used for controlling the whole erosion process, automation of the erosion process can be realized, the pressure measuring instrument, the laser velocimeter and the high-speed camera can also be used for recording the impact pressureborne by the sample, the erosion speed and the surface morphology change of the sample in real time, and the study of the whole erosion process can be better researched. The embodiment of the invention further provides an erosion test method using the gas-solid two-phase high-temperature erosion test device.