The invention provides a structure and method for monitoring hydraulic tunnel dynamic water pressure based on velocity head correction. The structure comprises a hydrostatic pressure sensor, a total water pressure sensor and a high-speed fiber bragg grating demodulator, and the hydrostatic pressure sensor and the total water pressure sensor are connected with the high-speed fiber bragg grating demodulator through optical fiber stern lines respectively; the hydrostatic pressure sensor is mounted in a cavity of a tunnel, and the mounting direction is perpendicular to the direction of water flow,the hydrostatic pressure sensor is fixed to the bottom of the cavity through clamps and fasteners, and geotechnical cloth and a mesh steel cover are arranged at the top of the cavity from the insideto the outside; and the total water pressure sensor is mounted on a support and located above the hydrostatic pressure sensor, and a total water pressure sensor permeable stone faces the direction ofthe upstream of the water flow. According to the structure and method for monitoring the hydraulic tunnel dynamic water pressure based on the velocity head correction, two FBG water pressure sensors arranged in different orientations and at different heights are used for performing velocity head correction on a total water head, the influences of factors such as a boundary layer and flat plate turbulence are eliminated, and the monitoring accuracy of the sensor is improved.