The invention relates to a concrete pouring system and pouring method for a concrete filled steel tube bracket.The concrete pouring system comprises a mixer, a delivery pump, a delivery pipeline, a check valve, a pouring hole and an exhaust slurry discharging hole matched withthe bracket andan attached pneumatic vibrator, concrete is prepared by the mixer, and delivered to the delivery pump, and the pouring hole is formed in the bracket, the pouring hole is located at the bottom end of one side of the bracket, the upper end of the other side of the bracket is connected with the attached pneumatic vibrator, the top end of the bracket is provided with theexhaust slurry discharging hole, and the delivery pump is connected with the pouring hole through the delivery pipeline. The concrete in the bracket first flows down from the pouring hole to an underground pipeline, after the concrete is filled,the concrete is poured into a pipeline above the pouring hole by pumping and jacking,when reaching the position of the exhaust slurry discharging hole of the bracket, the concrete is dropped at a high level,at the same time, the attached pneumatic vibrator drives the bracket to vibrate,and smooth and dense pouring of the concrete in the bracket is ensured. Bubbles and bleeding in the concrete in the bracket are avoided, density of the concrete is improved, and the fact that the concrete-filled steel tube bracket reaches the design bearing capacity is ensured.