The invention discloses a cipher machine connection control method and system for electric energy meter detection, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining identity authentication information transmitted by a client of a detection device, and verifying the identity authentication information of the client; receiving electric energy meter information sent by the detection device client and converting the electric energy meter information into data identified by the cipher machine; dynamically allocating cipher machines to the electric energy meters; connecting the distributed cipher machines; obtaining a random number I and a ciphertext I returned by the cipher machine after encryption according to the electric energy meter information; sending the random number I and the ciphertext Ito a detection device client, receiving the electric energy meter operation information sent by the detection device client, sending the electric energy meter operation information to a cipher machine, receiving an electric energy meter operation information encryption message sent by the cipher machine, and sending the electric energy meter operation information encryption message to the detection device client. Centralized management and load balancing of the cipher machines are realized; separation of the detection device and the detection key Key is achieved, and efficient, safe and reliable connection of the electric energy metering cipher machine is achieved.