The invention relates to a construction method for thin-layer epoxy structural adhesive adhesion of a steel-concrete combined beam. The method includes the following steps that S1, sizes 11, 12 and bof rubber strips and a reserved compression height delta h are determined according to actual requirements, wherein the sizes 11 and 12 of the rubber strips refer to the length of the longitudinal edges of the upper surface of a steel beam and the length of the transverse edges of the upper surface of the steel beam respectively, b refers to the width of the rubber strips, and delta h refers to the reserved compression height of the rubber strips; S2, the elasticity modulus E of the rubber strips is determined; S3, the surface friction coefficient mu between the rubber strips and the bottom surface of a prefabricated concrete plate is determined, so that mu is larger than or equal to i; S4, the rubber strips adhere to the edges of the upper surface of the steel beam; S5, a thin-layer epoxystructural adhesive is laid in the rubber strips; and S6, the prefabricated concrete plate is installed, and the reserved compression height delta h is gradually reduced to be close to 0 under the self-weight action of the prefabricated concrete plate, so that the epoxy structural adhesive gradually becomes compact and uniform under the self-weight action of the prefabricated concrete plate, andhigh-quality adhesion of the prefabricated concrete plate and the steel beam is realized.