The invention discloses a dust flue gas explosion-proof purification device and system for processing livestock feed, and belongs to the technical field of explosion prevention of dust. The dust fluegas explosion-proof purification device for processing the livestock feed comprises a rack, a case and a temperature sensor, wherein the inside of the case is connected with a draft fan and an exhaustfan; the side wall of the case is separately rotatably connected with a first rotating shaft and a second rotating shaft; the end, which is away from a transmission shaft, of the first rotating shaftpenetrates through the side wall of the case and is connected with a shifting rod; a filter screen is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the case, and a shifting piece corresponding to the shifting rod is connected to the filter screen; the first rotating shaft is fixedly connected with a blowing blade, and the end, which is away from the transmission shaft, of the second rotating shaft penetrates through the side wall of the case and is connected with an adsorption column; the inner side wall of a first box body is connected with an air outlet corresponding to the blowing blade; and a water spraying port is connected to the inside of the case, and a water delivery mechanism corresponding to the water spraying port is connected to the outside of the case. According to the dust flue gas explosion-proof purification device, flue gas containing dust particles can be effectively purified and then discharged, so that the dust particles with the explosion property are effectively collected.