The invention discloses a shaft inspection system and a steel wire rope movement device thereof. The steel wire rope movement device comprises steel wire rope movement tracks and a movement mechanism;the movement mechanism comprises a shell, a driving motor and several movement idler wheels; the shell is provided with a steel wire rope locking mechanism; the movement idler wheels comprise a driving idler wheel and driven idler wheels; each movement idler wheel is positioned and supported through one idler wheel shaft; a motor base of the driving motor is fixedly installed on the shell, and the power output end of the driving motor is connected with the idler wheel shaft for supporting the driving idler wheel through a speed reducer; the driving idler wheel can drive all the driven idler wheels to move along the steel wire rope movement tracks under power drive of the driving motor. It can be seen that by means of the shaft inspection system, while a shaft inspection robot conducts inspection on the longitudinal direction of a shaft along a steel wire rope, the steel wire rope can move in the circumferential direction of the shaft wall, and thus the problem that a mine monitoring network constituted by the inspection robot cannot cover the interior of the shaft is solved.